2. Performance Attributes
a) Highly permeable to various fluids from water, solvents, ionic liquids, to oil
b) Bio and chemical-fouling resistance
c) Effective over a broad range of temperature and pressures
d) Low cross-flow velocity for minimization of particle breakage and power consumption
e) Cleanable by forward flushing, backflushing, and chemical cleaning
3. Example . Concentration of microalgae culture on the lab cell loaded with zirconia- coated nickel sheet membrane
Filtration conditions: 0.55 bar feed pressure, 2.6 cm/s crossflow velocity, permeate side at atmospheric pressure
Results: 11-fold concentration, permeate turbidity = 0.00, no algal adhesion on the membrane