The Autobio estradiol (E2) chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) kit is intended for the quantitative determination of E2 concentration in human serum.
Estradiol (E2) is a C18 steroid hormone with a phenolic A ring. This steroid hormone has a molecular weight of 272.4 daltons. It is the most potent natural estrogen, produced mainly by the ovary, placenta, and in smaller amounts by the adrenal cortex, and the male testes.
Estradiol (E2) is secreted into the blood stream where 98% of it circulates bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). To a lesser extent it is bound to other serum proteins such as albumin. Only a tiny fraction circulates as free hormone or in the conjugated form. Estrogenic activity is effected via Estradiol-receptor complexes which trigger the appropriate response at the nuclear level in the target sites. These sites include the follicles, uterus, breast, vagina, urethra, hypothalamus, pituitary and to a lesser extent the liver and skin.
In non-pregnany women with normal menstrual cycles, Estradiol secretion follows a cyclic, biphasic pattern with the highest concentration found immediately prior to ovulation. The rising Estradiol concentration is understood to exert a positive feedback influence at the level of the pituitary where it influences the secretion of the gonadotropins, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinising hormone (LH), which are essential for follicular maturation and ovulation, respectively. Following ovulation, Estradiol levels fall rapidly until the luteal cells become active resulting in a secondary gentle rise and plateau of Estradiol in the luteal phase. During pregnancy, maternal serum Estradiol levels increase considerably, towel above the pre-ovulatory peak levels and high levels are sustained throughout pregnancy.
Serum Estradiol measurements are a valuable index in evaluationg a variety of menstrual dysfunctions such as precocious or delayed puberty in girls and primary and secondary amenorrhea and menopause. Estradiol levels have been reported to be increased in patients with feminizing syndromes, gynaecomastia and testicular tumors.
In cases of infertility, serum Estradiol measurements are useful for monitoring induction of ovulation following treatment with, for example, clomiphene citrate, LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH), or exogenous gonadotropins. During ovarian hyperstimulation usually monitored daily for optimal timing of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) adminstration and oocyte collection.
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